Aust Prohibition Act :: essays research papers

Various international treaties and conventions (e.g. International Narcotics Control Board), has provided Australia with guidelines and regulatory measures that the Commonwealth government must put into serve at bottom the criminal justice system. Australia became a part of significant treaties and conventions to uphold strong alliances with other nations (Such as the U.S.). The prepargondness of Australian Governments to sign these various treaties, and castrate domestic drug laws accordingly, seems largely to have been a function of the countrys subordinate status on the world stage, and its desire to be seen as a good international citizen, rather than being driven by concern within Australia about the problems posed by illicit drugs (Brereton, D. 200090).The Act or drug laws within particular treaties and/or convention was based on basic offenses such as (to name a few), cultivation, possession, trafficking, and supply.The need for such drug laws was however, a consequence f or external development, not so much required in Australia. Countries such as the U.S. prompted such regulation and seem to hold great power in pushing these developments forward.A number of concerns have arisen over the last decade into reasons why certain drug policies have been passed within theme and International boarders. To help and explain how prohibition became the only means of limiting drug use and regulation of drugs.Drug use was seen to increase public be and deduct time and profit from employers and within society according to certain governments. The economic argument centres on the profits to be made by the sellers on the one hand and the losses sustained by employers of users and/or society in general (Brown, Farrier, Egger and McNamara. 20011070). This suggests that not only would drug use be seen as a problem within State and National boarders, but also internationally. Therefore it was believed that if all Commonwealth government were under the same treaties an d/or convention this would decrease the use of Psychotropic substances, and also, deter drug trafficking, supply and demand.Another important factor that increased prohibition of only certain drugs within Industrialized Western Countries was argued by Brown et al (20011071) we can derive a powerful and historically sustainable argument that those drugs which are currently efficacious in Western Countries are those in which there is an indigenous history both of use and capital investment, while those which are illegal are those which are produced in Third World Countries, where the costs of use exceed the profit to be to be made.

Willa Cathers O Pioneers! and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans Mr. Peebles

Willa Cathers O Pioneers and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans Mr. Peebles HeartIn both Willa Cathers novel O Pioneers and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans short story Mr. Peebles Heart present the reader with strong, successful female characters. Alexandra Bergson, the heroine of O Pioneers, becomes the manager and proprietor of a prosperous farm on the northeastward frontier while Joan R. Bascom of Mr. Peebles Heart is a successful doctor. Cather and Gilman create competent, independent female characters that do not conform to the perceived societal standards for women in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. both women must struggle against societys perception of what they should be and how they should behave, however, Alexandras struggle leaves her emotionally distant while Joans struggle does not blockade her emotional attachments. Throughout the nineteenth century, gender roles were increasingly characterized by a division of activity into separate spheres for men and women. Men m oved freely among home and the outside world, however, women were largely restricted to the home and remained financially dependent upon a man. While this situation offered women more power within the home, that power was genuinely limited in scope. As the twentieth century neared, more and more women began to challenge the societal expectations placed upon them. Many Americans began to fear that the family was disintegrating due to a declining expect rate, a rising divorce rate, and efforts of a growing number of women to break out of their separate sphere of domesticity by obtaining a higher education, joining womens organizations, and taking jobs outside the home (Kellogg and Mintz 1937). As this progressive movement gained momentu... ...ifestyle as the manager of a profitable farm. But while Joan has thrived in her professional and her tender life, Alexandra is emotionally stunted as a result of her struggle against societal norms. Works CitedCather, Willa. O Pioneers New Y ork Dover Publications, Inc., 1993. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Mr. Peebles Heart. The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Stories. Ed. capital of Minnesota Negri. New York Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. 63-70. Kellogg, Susan and Steven Mintz. Family Structures. Encyclopedia of American Social History. Ed. by Mary Kupiec Cayton, Elliott J. Gorn and Peter W. Williams). New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1993. 1925-1945. Pleck, Elizabeth H. Gender Roles and Relation. Encyclopedia of American Social History. Ed. by Mary Kupiec Cayton, Elliott J. Gorn and Peter W. Williams). New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1993. 1945-1961.

nathaniel :: essays research papers

Nathaniel is a magicians apprentice. All apprentices live in their masters homes and their masters teach them magic, how to bob up demons, and provide schooling for their apprentices. The in like manner pick a name for them. The name is so that a magician or demon doesnt find forbidden what a persons birth name because knowing someones birth name is a source of power to an enemy.Now to the figment. The story starts when Nathaniel is selected to be an apprentice to Mr. Arthur Underwood. He trains Nathaniel, only he doesnt realize that Nathaniel is brighter than he looks. When Nathaniel is ten, he finishes all the books that his master said would keep him until he was twelve. At the age of ten, Nathaniel meets the villain of the story, Simon Lovelace. His master takes the liberty of showing him off to the early(a) magicians. Simon questions Nathaniels smarts, and proves that Nathaniel is smart. Nathaniel answers all the questions correctly, but that ticks Simon off. Then, Simon p uts a spell on Nathaniel, and embarrasses himself and his master. Since then, Nathaniel has been focused on revenge. When he turns twelve, he summons a demon inviteed Bartimaeus. Nathaniel charges him to steal the Amulet of Samarkand. Little does Nathaniel know that Simon was planning to use it to overthrow Mr. Rupert Devereaux, the Prime Minister, and the rest of the government. whiz day, Nathaniel charged Bartimaeus to spy on his master in the study, but Nathaniel is called down to the study to talk to his master, exactly where Bartimaeus is. Mrs. Underwood uses Nathaniel because thats his name, but its also his birth name. Bartimaeus hears it and thinks its his second name, but in the study, Mr. Underwood schedules a day for his official Naming. Bartimaeus is thrilled to hear this because whatever punishment Nathaniel uses, he piece of tail just direct it back at Nathaniel. Nathaniel threatens with a spell that confides Bartimaeus in a tin and Bartimaeus eventually backs down. A couple of days after Nathaniel was Named, Mr. Underwood, family, Named apprentices, and other ministers are invited to Parliament for a gathering. Now Nathaniel is officially name John Mandrake. At the gathering, an attack is carried out by a group of people that call themselves the Resistance. The Head of Internal Affairs, Mr. Underwood, is really upset about this attack because he is supposed to be in charge of the finding and stopping the Resistance.

Ethical Controversies Involved in the Use of Germ-line and Somatic Gene

Ethical Controversies Involved in the Use of Germ-line and Somatic broker TherapiesAbstractThere are many sides to the issue of using germ-line and somatic germ therapies.Many people argue that it should be stopped completely, whereas others arguethat both germ therapies should continue for the benefit of all people. There areother arguments that lie somewhere in between. Most of the controversy is causedby germ-line constituent therapy because it lowlife be passed on through generations. Somaticgene therapy has more support and funding but is still considered untrustworthy bymany who believe it may also affect the germ-line in some cases. These moralarguments have called the stop to many cases and experiments, more so after apatient treated with gene therapy dies.In the ongoing fight for the elimination or continuation of gene therapy, there are four main positions (Sadler et al., 2005). One position is to bring an close to both germ-line and somatic gene therapy practices. This group argues that using gene therapy on humans is dangerous and that changing genes to attempt to make improvements is wrong. It is seen as creating the possibility to program children before birth and change mental and physical characteristics of the next generation, bringing an end to diversity (Sadler et al., 2005). In 2000, the American Association for the Advancement of Science illegalise inheritable genetic modification (Fischer, 2000). They believed that risks from the gene therapy procedures might not cause genetic problems for a few generations after the patient is treated. The AAAS suggested that trials and experiments with gene therapy be stopped. other position in the gene therapy ethical argument is to proceed with all gene therapy... ...rapy investigations proliferate. Nature Medicine On-line serial. Vol. 6. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the meshing http//www.nature.com/nm/journal/v6/n3/full/nm0300_235a.htmlNowak, R. (1995, March). apparent award stirs controversy . Science On-line serial. Vol. 267. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet http//web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/184/377/69240368w5/purl=rcl_EAIM_0Sadler, T. & Zeidler, D. (2005). Negotiating Gene Therapy Controversies. The American Biology Teacher On-line serial. Vol. 66. Retreived July 21, 2005 from the Internet http//www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0002-7685&volume-66&paShannon, T. (1999, March). Ethical issues in genetics. Theological Studies On-line studies. Vol. 60. Retrieved July 21, 2005 from the Internet http//web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/184/377/69240368w5/purl=rcl_EAIM_0

Drug Dependence :: essays research papers

Drug DependenceIn order for a chemical to be considered a drug it must have the dexterity toaffect how the body works--to be biologically active. No substance that has thepower to do this is completely safe, and drugs be approved only after theydemonstrate that they are relatively safe when used as directed, and when thebenefits outweigh their risks. Thus, some very dangerous drugs are approvedbecause they are necessary to treat serious illness. Digitalis, which causes the message muscle to contract, is a dangerous drug, but doctors are permitted to useit because it is vital for treating patient ofs whose heart muscle is weak. A drugas potent as foxglove would not be approved to treat such minor ailments astemporary fatigue because the risks outweigh the benefits.Many persons suffer ill effects from drugs level though they take the drugexactly as directed by the doctor or the label. The human population, unlike acolony of ants or bees, contains a great variety of genetic variat ion. Drugs aretested on at most a few thousand people. When that same drug is taken bymillions, some people may not respond in a predictable way to the drug. A personwho has a so-called idiosyncratic receipt to a particular sedative, for example,may become excited rather than relaxed. Others may be hypersensitive, orextremely sensitive, to certain drugs, suffering reactions that resembleallergies.A patient may also acquire a tolerance for a certain drug. This means thatever-larger doses are necessary to produce the desired therapeutic effect.Tolerance may lead to habituation, in which the person becomes so dependent uponthe drug that he or she becomes addicted to it. Addiction causes severepsychological and physical disturbances when the drug is taken away. Morphine,cocaine, and Benzedrine are common habit-forming drugs. Finally, drugs oftenhave unwanted side effects. These usually cause only minor discomfort such as askin rash, headache, or drowsiness.

Drug Dependence :: essays research papers

Drug DependenceIn order for a chemical to be considered a drug it must have the capacity toaffect how the body works--to be biologically active. No substance that has thepower to do this is completely safe, and drugs ar clear only after theydemonstrate that they are relatively safe when used as directed, and when thebenefits exceed their risks. Thus, some very dangerous drugs are approvedbe mystify they are necessary to treat serious illness. Digitalis, which causes theheart muscle to contract, is a dangerous drug, but doctors are permitted to useit because it is vital for treating patients whose heart muscle is weak. A drugas potent as digitalis would not be approved to treat such minor ailments astemporary fatigue because the risks outweigh the benefits.Many persons suffer ill effects from drugs even though they take the drugexactly as directed by the doctor or the label. The humans population, unlike acolony of ants or bees, contains a great variety of genetic variation. Dru gs aretested on at most a fewer thousand people. When that same drug is taken bymillions, some people may not respond in a predictable way to the drug. A personwho has a so-called idiosyncratic response to a particular sedative, for example,may become excited rather than relaxed. Others may be hypersensitive, orhighly sensitive, to certain drugs, suffering reactions that resembleallergies.A patient may also acquire a tolerance for a certain drug. This means thatever-larger doses are necessary to produce the desired therapeutic effect.Tolerance may lead to habituation, in which the person becomes so dependent uponthe drug that he or she becomes addicted to it. addiction causes severepsychological and physical disturbances when the drug is taken away. Morphine,cocaine, and Benzedrine are common habit-forming drugs. Finally, drugs oftenhave unwanted side effects. These usually cause only minor discomfort such as askin rash, headache, or drowsiness.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” Essay

Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper in the late 1800s while being treating by the very trusted Weir Mitchell. During this clock wo manpower were comm whole admitted into the c atomic number 18 of doctors by their husbands withtaboo their given consent. At this time there was very little research concerning Post- Partum Depression. According to the A.D.A.M Medical Encyclopedia, Post-Partum is moderate to extreme first gear women may experience after adult birth. The symptoms include fearfulness, restlessness, and anxiety- all of which are displayed by Jane in The Yellow Wallpaper. Gilman was advised by Dr. Mitchell to stop writing and rest, only partaking in household activities. She was not to visit with friends or go outside much. Contesting to these rules, Gilman ended treatment with Mitchell and wrote The Yellow Wallpaper with the hopes of shedding much needed idle on the ineffectiveness of his strategies.The mental condition of m both(prenominal) women oftti mes worsened due the general populations lack of consideration involving a fair sexs outspoken opinion involving the betterment of her own wellness. Carol Kessler issues in Consider Her Ways The Cultural Work of Charlotte Perkins Gilmans Pragmatopian Stories, 1908-1913, The utopian fiction of Charlotte Perkins Gilman takes on as its cultural work the demonstration that women are not confined to one traditional mode of beingwife/motherhoodbut disregard fill as varied social roles as open fire male counterparts (126). Kessler is stating Gilmans writing is not only a statement against the mental health practices concerning women, but also includes other issues that were dominated by a patriarchal society. Denise D. horse suggests in her essay I Am Getting Angry plentiful to do Some topic Desperate, that Janes behavior at the end is an bearion of the tremendous rage she feels toward her husband, gutter (78).This statement is evidence suggesting that women were well conscious(pr edicate) of the need for a change involving these matters. Gilman uses the chickenhearted cover to symbolize the mental, sexual and creative oppression women experienced during Gilmans contemporary times. Janes condition is revealed to the reader at the first base of the story. Jane has just arrived at the vacation home and is writing secretly since John forbids it. She writes of John, You see, he does not believe I am sick (Gilman 173). This quote indicates to the audience that Janes voice is of no importance next to Johns. Jane continues to voice her opinion about her illness and what she believes could cure her. John blatantly ignores any suggestions she may hand concerning her own health, appearing heartless and cold. This is very clear when Jane initially voices dis standardized for the room with the yellow wallpaper, in which she is assigned to stay.Jane writes, I dont like our room one bit. I treasured one downstairs that opened on the piazza but John would not hear o f it (Gilman 174). Gilman allows the audience a glimpse at the symbolism of the wallpaper at this point. Jane mentions her dislike of the room with the yellow wallpaper as soon as she is introduced to it. Upon bringing this pique to Johns attention she is sufficed with a promise to replace it. However, John later breaks his promise with the reasoning that they will only be there triple months. The creeping feeling Jane experiences concerning the wallpaper symbolizes the mental instability she feels looming over her. John convinces Jane there is nothing wrong with the room and refuses to move her even though she requests he do so. When Jane persists she writes of his response to her, But John says if I feel so, I shall neglect proper self-importance- fudge so I take pains to control myself (Gilman 174). Jane is forced to hide her feelings and worsening condition, as well as her writing.This interaction surrounded by the two characters demonstrates how many an(prenominal) another (prenominal) women during this time period were not to have opinions or preferences. This scene displays the lack of self-expression and freedom women encountered. Creativity in women was not widely accepted in Gilmans society and was often deemed improbable. In one of Janes entries she describes, There comes John, and I must put this away he hates to have me write a word (Gilman 175). This sentence is powerful becausal agency the written word is often more(prenominal) powerful than the spoken word. Women were rarely given the luxury of speaking freely, much less writing freely. Johns reluctance to allow Jane to write illustrates the narrow minded vagaryls men had concerning women. In Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman writes that Dr. Mitchell, concluded there was nothing much the matter with me, and sent me home with dreadful advice to live as domestic a life as far as possible, to have but two hours intellectual life a day, and never to touch pen, brush or pencil again a s long as I lived(51).Both Gilman and Jane were creative women that used writing as therapy to express what others around them could not understand. Janes journal and her writing symbolize the creative talents and intelligence many women were capable of but were forced to conceal. Gilman contradicts the idea of women being marry to make great mothers with the statement, And yet I cannot be with him (Gilman 177). Jane is referring to her infant son. The possibility that a woman could want more from life other than to marry and have children was an almost impossible notion at the time. In Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper A Centenary Linda Wagner- Martin writes, Of these many conflicts inherent in womens move to lead acceptable female lives, perhaps the most troublesome is that of motherhood, its attendant responsibilities, and its almost inevitable loss of self-identity (52). The A.D.A.M Medical Encyclopedia suggests that a viridity cause of Post-Partum Depression in women is the decre asing amount of time they have to themselves after having a child. Women of brighter minds were often misplaced in this type of society.Many artists feel an irrefutable obligation to their work, often taking time away from their families. It was impossible for artistic women to prosper when their prime purpose in life was to marry and have children. Knight writes, Gilman demonstrates how stifling the cult of domesticity was for innate(predicate) women (78). Jennie, Janes caretaker, represents this idea. Jane writes of Jennie, She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession (Gilman 178). Jennies characteristics and tendency to stay out of Janes business resembles a fear felt by many women. While it was common for many intelligent women to become depressed due to creative and psychological oppression, fear often quieted any desires for change. It was widely unders similarlyd that any woman who tried to live otherwise would just as easily end up in J anes predicament. Martin writes of the matter, The point, obviously, is that society expects women to be fulfilled through motherhood, and that women who question their roles as mothers, who complain or are angry about those roles, are doubt if not beyond human comprehension (63).In The Yellow Wallpaper Janes behavior often reflects this idea that women longed for the opportunity to choose their life occupation, preferably than being assigned it. Sexual oppression of women is also touched on in this piece. John often goes away for a work and even when he visits, there is minimal physical contact between him and Jane. Judith A. Allen writes in Reconfiguring Vice Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Prostitution, and Frontier Sexual Contracts, Gilman shared in a common, international, late nineteenth-century feminist unfavorable judgment of marriage and of other sexual economic contracts (173). Gilmans very opinionated statements regarding womens freedoms clearly extended to their sexual nee ds as well as emotional needs. While it was often expected for women to stay behind and tend to the children while the men were away at work, it was often overlooked how these physical absences touch them. It was socially acceptable for a man to appease his sexual appetite with other women while he was away, but not for his wife to do the uniform with other men. This was taxing on many women.When John is visiting Jane one night, he simply scoops her up and takes her to bed, where he reads to her until she is tired and ready for bed. Jane appears to be similarly ill to confront her sexual desires like many women of the time. Her relationship described with John is surfaced. Since there is a lack of a physical relationship between the two, there appears to be no relationship at all. This clarifies the belief that women were married off to produce children and please their husbands. Once Jane begins taking notice of the wallpaper itself, the savor of the story takes a dive. While t he tone of the story begins somewhat light hearted and seemingly harmless, there is still a hint of foreshadowing. It is when Jane becomes obsessed the audience becomes aware of how terrible her condition truly is. It is almost used as a mockery of Johns ignorance throughout the entire story. The vote counter writes, There are things in that paper that nobody make dos about but me, or ever will (Gilman180).This is when Jane is realizing the figure in the wallpaper in fact is a woman and she appears to be behind bars. The symbolism here is that no one can understand how Jane is feeling, including the other women around her. As time goes on John tells Jane things much(prenominal) as, You are gaining flesh and color, and I feel much easier about you (Gilman181). Rather than asking Jane how she feels, he is telling her. The raillery is Janes willingness to accept being told how to act, feel, and live. ground on the mockery provided by the narrator, John does not truly understand w hat Jane needs, considering he, like everyone else involved, does not view women as people capable of reasoning and Gordian feelings. This idea was prevalent to the society throughout that time period. The phrase dear John is mentioned throughout the story, indicating the importance of John to Jane. As Janes condition and irresistible impulse with the wallpaper worsen, her strength decreases as well.She is forced increasingly rely on others, including John. She writes of John, Dear John He loves me very dearly and hates to have me sick (Gilman 180). The irony is how little of importance Jane appears to have in Johns life. He has a routine written for Jennie and Jane to follow throughout the day while hes away. One of the nights he is visiting, Jane writes, He said I was his darling and his comfort and all he had (Gilman 180). These words have an empty meaning. If Jane were the only thing John had, he would have paid more attention to her and realized she was not getting better in t he least. This supports the then popular belief that women would be content with simply being told what they want to hear. In The Yellow Wallpaper, there are statements made against the male physicians that were so highly admired among communities during Gilmans time. Jane writes, John is a physician and perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster (Gilman 173).Jane is admitting that a womans craft to submit to her husband gets in the way of her need to be persistent concerning her health. This observation is ironic and bold. It argues the mockery in the situation. John, as a doctor, is held up to such high standards, yet he has no idea what is really going on with this woman. The story is ridiculing societys idea of intelligence. John makes the mistake of treating Jane as if something is wrong with her. However, the humor is in the doctors inability to figure out that women are simply composed of the same emotional capabilities as men. It is also necessary to comport speci al to attention the symbolism of name choice in The Yellow Wallpaper. John and Jane can allude to Jane Doe and John Doe. If this is the case, both could be place as of no particular importance to the audience. A Jane or John Doe are unidentified people. Gilman did not feel the need to give these characters any specific names that would identify them with a particular characteristic or trait.Their situation is unidentified, and their situation was very common for that time. Johns disregard for Janes claims of her slow descent into a worsening mental condition was a common practice for doctors regarding women. Often when a woman needed or wanted something, she had no other choice but to acquire the assistance of her husband. In the instance of Jane needing alternative style of medical care, her only hope would have been John. naturally John did not listen to her protests. Gilman is stating that both men and women should have an equal say in marriage. Kessler writes, The partnership society that Eisler defines seems already to have been present in the pragmatopian imagination of Charlotte Perkins Gilman as revealed in her turn-of-the-century fiction, especially the short stories the alternative or partner-oriented gender roles she depicts could be realized or attained then or in the present-day society that we know (126).There were also many marriages lacking the understanding John clearly does not display. This coincides with the idea that many women who were married to many men at that time experienced the oppression Jane feels and were met with the same ignorance John displays. At the end of the story Jane writes, For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is light-green preferably of yellow (Gilman 188). This has a childlike feel to it. Earlier in the story, when Jane is trying to talk to John about how she is feeling he replies with, What is it, little daughter? (Gilman 181). The last scene of the story describes Jane as this crazy wom an, but it has her creeping around the ground like a child. In Environment as psychopathic Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper, Loralee MacPikew writes, The fact that the narrators prison-room is a nursery indicates her status in society. The woman is legally a child socially, economically, and philosophically she must be led by an adulther husband (286).One day when Jane is stuck in her room alone, she reverts to her childhood while staring at the wallpaper, giving a description of a vivid memory. She writes, I never saw so much expression in an inanimate thing before, and we all know how much expression they have I used to lie awake as a child and get more entertainment and terror out of blank walls and plain furniture than most children could find in a toy-store (Gilman 177). These behaviors revert to the idea that even as children, females were facing emotional neglect. It also supports the idea Jane was often treated like children by their husbands, posing the question how could she be expected to be a good mother if she herself was not permitted to act like an adult. Gilmans decision to make the wallpaper yellow as opposed to any other color is interesting. Yellow is often viewed as a deaf(p) color concerning gender. This may be connected to Gilmans outcry of the belief that women are inferior to men concerning creative, emotional, and intelligent capability. Once Jane begins to acknowledge the wallpaper, her descriptions of it become more detailed.She describes it, looked at in one way, each breadth stands alone the bloated curves and flourishes- a kind of debased Romanesque with delirium tremens- go waddling up and down in quarantined columns of fatuity (Gilman 179). The words delirium tremens (Gilman 179) indicate how the wallpaper concurs with Janes worsening condition. Colors have often been known to manipulate a persons mood. Following this belief, yellow is known to promote communication. This is an ironic symbol, considering John did not listen to Jane in the least. There are many times he overlooks her feelings or statements. At the beginning of the story Jane claims to feel something strange about the house. When she brings this to Johns attention he says what she felt was a draught, and shut the window (Gilman 174). clear Johns inability to listen to Jane discourages her to speak of anything at all to him. In Consider Her Ways, Kessler writes, By refusing to accept definitions of traditional male and female roles, and instead of offering clear alternatives to such mainstream notions, Gilman forces readers to question boundaries defining behavior assumed acceptable on the basis of gender (126).This statement supports the notion that Gilman believed that both men and women should share all household responsibilities, including working and raising children. The satirical symbolism at the end of The Yellow Wallpaper is astounding. It does a great job of impress and shocking the audience. It leaves this image imprinted of a crazy chick taking a bite out of a bed and creeping around her husband. Once Jane believes she is the lady inside the wallpaper, she writes, and I dont want to have anybody in, till John comes. I want to astonish him (Gilman 187). At this point her anger is apparent. The narrator is clearly pointing fingers at who is to blame for her current predicament. She is comparable to a child throwing a tantrum. Its almost as if Jane is assuming the behaviors of a role she has been given, which is no different than what she does from the beginning of the story. She does what she is told. However, John often refers to her as everything but a woman.Naturally this mentality was bound to catch on. Jane also had no other means of escape from her world. John refused to allow her to go anywhere. It was almost as if she were a child being grounded. When children are forced to stay inside they use their imaginations as entertainment. To do this is human nature, and Jane is no exception. There is al so attention to be paid to the bars described in the wallpaper. Jane writes, at night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars (Gilman 182). The bars symbolize all the oppression felt by Jane. As the progression of Janes condition worsens, the appearance of the bars becomes more prominent. Once Jane discovers the bars, she notices the woman in the wallpaper, The outside pattern, I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be (Gilman 182). This quote refers to the unawareness John and other men of the time displayed concerning women.Gilman is making a statement against how obvious it is that Jane knows what she needs more so than her husband. This scenario was common among many women during that time period. It is also an outcry against a womans inability to practice self-expression. Once Jane decides to try and help the woman escape from the wallpaper (and becomes the woman herself), she peels off all the paper so she cannot be put back. Once John gets into the room she says to him, Ive got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane And Ive pulled of most of the paper, so you cant put me back (Gilman 189). This statement could be interpreted as Gilmans creative self being defiant against the rules set up by a patriarchal society. While this last scene can be understood as dogged and disturbing, it almost seems as if Jane is getting the last laugh in the end.Her husband who is successfully a physician has failed his own wife. Janes road to insanity was brought on by her husbands trusted tactics. Shortly after the story was published, Weir Mitchell was forced to re-evaluate his tactics used on mentally unstable women. There were many patriarchal barriers facing women when The Yellow Wallpaper was written. Gilman does an extraordinary job of displaying the horrors that resulted from this complex and delicate subject. The image of a woman behind bars in yellow wallpaper could not be more a ppropriate to convey such an important message. This short story demonstrates the feeling of entrapment and misplacement many creative and intelligent women felt during Gilmans time. The yellow wallpaper is a strong symbol of a declaration of independence, creativity, and self-expression in a society where such notions were much too often withheld from the female population.

Academic excellence is the only way to success Essay

What is academic excellence about? Is it how many marks we get? Or is it the number of competitions we win? It is much more than that. We often theorize that getting good marks is what academic excellence is about, but no it is the plow of education we go through. From attainment ABC in kindergarten we go to learning History, Science, Maths and more in higher grades. This process of academic excellence gives us the potential to be a good human being. It provides us with the heavy base of knowledge we require to build our building of life. The process and excellence provides us with the skill to sculpt our life the way we want it to be, to help us shape it and decide what we want in life. It teaches us to use this skill and knowledge by pushing our limits further by working hard in the direction of the goal. This hard work helps us to climb the stairs of success. The knowledge base, skill and hard work talk about our inner selves.Here comes the issue of our outer selves. The outer self is what we show to others around us. We improve it when we work as a team. Learning teamwork helps us achieve more as in our future the jobs we do depend on teamwork. Working with others a increases our ethics as we interact with others and it also teaches us to communicate politely and properly, also the process of academics prepares us for the competitive life ahead. On completing this process the certificate of excellence or degree we get on completing our education. That degree is the prototypic impression we give to our interviewers on applying for a job. And in todays world peck who achieve academic excellence are respected and idolised. some(prenominal) may say that the great men of our like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs did not achieve academic excellence. But such examples we can count on our fingers. Such people are one in a million. What about the rest of the world? The worldwide population is crossing 7 billion, what about those people? They would not be able to achi eve anything in their lives without academic excellence. Concluding my debate here I fell that Academic excellence is success in itself.

Logic on a New Level Essay

In 1995, a talk show host, by the name of Rush Limbaugh was quoted while responding to a newspaper word written about a study completed by the NCEA (National Center for Economic Alternatives). According to this newspaper article, the study done by the NCEA claimed that American farmers manipulation chemical fertilizers, and that due to our large economy, small businesses, and families, America is a eat generating country. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the logic of Rush Limbaughs speech, given to ask against this study.In the first segment of Rushs speech he refers to the NCEA as environmentalist wackos which is a common fallacy made throughout his bid. This is referred to as a tu quoque fallacy, which shows that just beca delectation you are connected with a certain group of people does non mean you apply to commonly usaged stereotypes. The NCEA may afford done a study relating to the environment but that doesnt mean they are environmentalists. When Rush refers to the NCEA as wackos, this is attacking personal character that is not straightaway relevant to the issue at hand, this fallacy is know as ad hominem.Rush argues with the study, by first defending American farmers and exploiting the fact that farmers never intoxicate praise for feeding the world. We can conclude two fallacies from this accusation, one being over-generalizing( using such words as never can easily be proven wrong) and ignoratio elenchi, which is an irrelevant response. Feeding the world and using chemical fertilizers are two different topics that cannot be compared logically. If you consider the statement closely you will as well know that farmers do receive praise, their paycheck is the reward.When the NCEA concluded their study, they stated that America was waste generating. Rush attacked the NCEA for not considering our economy a beckon of hope. He argued that people from all around the world want to come to America. This is again a ignoratio fallacy bec ause it is simply irrelevant information. Rush is also attempting to appeal to a certain popularprejudice, he stated American families have worked generations for a high standard of living, no theyre not held up for praise. No sooner theyre all trashed. This statement is an ad populum fallacy, because he is appealing to a certain group without any connection to America being a waste generating society.He continues on during his speech to sarcastically suggest that the NCEA would rather us give up our technology and live to a greater extent like the Soviets. This is an ad poplum statement appealing to people that fear communism. Rush is attacking the personal character of Soviets, which is ad hominem and he is committing a tu quoque, which is stating that just because someone is a Soviet does not make them primitive. This statement can be simply concluded as a ignoratio statement and a slippery slope(just because one event takes place does not place any connection to another event) because it is completely irrelevant to America and its waste.In Rushs conclusion he tells the environmentalist wackos to shut up and stop speaking their opinion. Rush is familiar of the rights of every American, their freedom of speech, and is violating other peoples views and is being unconstitutional. Rush thinks that by shutting up the environmentalists and asking them to turn to more constructive work like himself, he will eliminate the problem. This is a straw-man fallacy, because he is twisting the issue around.After learning about fallacies and there use in proving someone to be illogical, I have determined that Rush Limbaugh has a very biest view point and does not always use the remedy solutions for a problem. He comes across like a very strong assertive person with a convincing argument but does not use logic to strengthen his beliefs.

Criminology and the Rule of Law

The chapter begins by distinguishing between two types of equity. Criminal legal philosophy is a noble means of social control that uses rules, interpreted and enforced by the courts, to set limits on the conduct of the citizens, to guide the officials, and to define unacceptable behavior. Civil law is a means of resolving conflicts between individuals.It includes personal injury claims (torts), the law of contracts and property, and subjects such as administrative law and the regulation of public utilities. The author defines substantive law, procedural law and due process of law. The text defines the five ideal features of good criminal laws. They include politicality, specificity, regularity, uniformity, and penal sanction. The origins of criminal law are explored with a drawing history of law in England and the law of early America.The history of the common law in England is examined with its influence on American law. The issue of constitutional law is discussed. Other law such as administrative and regulatory law is presented. The chapter then enters into a broad discussion of rocedural law. It concentrates on the rights of the accused. The Bill of Rights is discussed as a prelude to the most important amendments in procedural law. The author then explains, in detail, the Fourteenth, one-quarter, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Amendments to the U. S.Constitution with corresponding case law citations and brief summaries. The Fourth Amendment deals with the issue of search and seizure. It reads The right of the people to be upright in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall non be violated, and no arrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, back up by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. The Fifth Amendment deals with the issues of self-incrimination.It reads No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or former(a)wise i nfamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in Jeopardy of ife or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public use without tho compensation.The Sixth Amendment deals with the issue of a right to an attorney. It reads In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an straightforward Jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be nformed of the nature and cause of the kick to be confronted with witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witn esses in his favor, and to nave the assistance ot counsel tor his detense.The Eight Amendment deals witn issue of cruel and unusual punishment It reads Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The chapter ends with a discussion of the many miscarriages of Justice. The legal system of the United States is unique in the world in the get along of procedural rights that it rovides people suspected or accused of crimes. The primary reason for procedural rights is to protect innocent people from being arrested, charged, and convicted, or punished for crimes they did not commit.One of the basic tenets of the American legal system is that a person is innocent until proven guilty. The chapter deals with these issues and presents some alternatives for reform. Lecture Outline l. Two Types of legality Criminal Law and Civil Law A. Criminal law is one of two general types of law practiced in the United States (the other is civil law). Criminal law is a formal means of social control that involves the se of rules that interpreted, and are enforceable, by the courts of a political community.The function of the rules is to set limits to the conduct of the citizens, to guide the officials (police and other administrators), and to define conditions of deviance or unacceptable behavior. 1. Substantive Law The body of law that defines criminal offenses and their penalties. 2. Procedural Law Procedural law governs the ways in which the substantive laws are to be administered. B. Ideal Characteristics of the Criminal Law 1. semipoliticality Specificity 2. Regularity 3. Uniformity 4. Penal Sanction . Criminal Law as a Political Phenomenon C. . Origins of Law Englands Contribution to American Criminal Law Magna Carta a.Creating Criminal Laws in the United States D. 1. Constitution and Legislative Bodies Common Law Precedent b. Stare Decisis administrative or Regulatory Agency Decisions Interdependency among sou rces of legal authority . Procedural Law Rights of the Accused A. The Bill of Rights B. The Fourth Amendment The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants hall issue,

Asian Culture, Geography & Politics to understand Asia economies today

Winston Churchill once described India as a mere geographical expression that cannot be taken as a single outlandish than the equator.It seems he was right since there is no other country in the world that has embraced an extraordinary mixture of heathen groups with incomprehensible languages living in a variety of topography and climates exhibiting varying cultural and religious practices with ranging levels of sparing developments than India (Tharoor, 1997).This is what describes India. It is country with a mixture of ethnic groups which are held in concert by invisible threads which are like a myth, a dream or a vision held for generations. India is a country with more than 940 one thousand thousand individuals from different ethnic backgrounds but living together in a land of snow peaks and tropical jungles.The country has more than 51 percent of its universe of discourse illite site but at the same time it has the worlds second largest pool in terms of trained scientist and engineers who have been the backbone of its sparing growth. India has teaming cities overflowing with people but four out of five Indians earn their living by scratching the soil.The culture religious life of the people is rich. It boasts with an unremitting civilization which gave birth to four major world religions with different traditional classical dances which attract millions of tourist. The food and drinks culture cannot be compared to any other in the world with more than trio hundred ways of cooking potatoes.We still dont regard how, but the cultural life of India resisted two hindered old age of British culture imperialism to remain intact as it is today. From colonialism India has risen to become the worlds largest democracy with more than 85 political parties but all in all competing in one country.It is the combination of al the cultural, geographical, and political life of the people that has led to great economic development. To understand the soaring economy of India, one has to understand the contribution of the three spheres of life.Soaring economy of IndiaSince the country gained independent from British, it has been bracing to position itself in the world economy. It has been improving its pace of economic development. In the last some decades, all the major cities in India have undergone radical infrastructural change which is in preparation for more economic development.The county has diverse economy which encompasses traditional village farming, neo agriculture, modern industries existing along handicrafts, and a highly developed service industry. The service sector has developed to be an important sector in the economic growth with more that50% share of Indias output. But with less that a tertiary of the labor force. Agriculture is another important sector which employs more than three fifths of the workforce.The economy has been recording a growth rate of more than 7% since 1997 which has led to poverty reduction by more th an 10%. In 2006 and 2007, the country achieved an economic growth of about 9.6%. From the 2007 estimates, the country has a GDP of about $2.965 trillion measured by the purchasing power parity while it stands at $894.1 billion measured by official exchange rate. However due to the large population, the GDP per capita still remains low at $2,700.The service sector contributed 55% of the GDP with the industry sector following with 28.4% while the agriculture sector contribute only 16.6% but employing more that 60% of the labor force. The rate of unemployment remains at 7.2% while 25% of the population lives below the poverty line (CIA world Fact book, 2004).India has the twelfth largest economy in the world and third largest in Asia after Japan and China. This has seen an emergence of a middle class of about 325-250 million people with a large disposable income. The growth of Indian economy has been contributed by enabling growth atmosphere contributed by the political, geographical a nd political life of the country (Sankara, 2004).

Module One: Introduction to Theory

2. Explain the relationships of the concepts of the client, health, environment and nursing. Answer These four major concepts create a better direction and understanding of nursing profession. The Nursing Metaparadigm embodies the knowledge base, theory, philosophy, research, practice, and educational experience and literature identified with the profession. These given concepts vary in concord to the experiences and views of different nursing theorists. . HUMAN BEINGS Human beings are viewed as open energy fields with unique life experiences. As energy fields, they are greater than and different from the sum of their parts and cannot be predicted from knowledge of their parts. Humans, as holistic beings, are unique, dynamic, sentient, and multidimensional, capable of abstract reasoning, creativity, aesthetic appreciation and self-responsibility.Language, empathy, caring, and other abstract patterns of conversation are aspects of an individually high level of complexity and divers ity and enable one to increase knowledge of self and environment. Humans are viewed as set persons, to be respected, nurtured and understood with the right to make informed choices regarding their health.For the purpose of study in nursing, biological, psychological, spiritual, intellectual and sociocultural dimensions of human beings and stages of human development are define as they affect behavior and health. These dimensions operate within and upon the human being in an open, interrelated, interdependent, and interactive way. The nursing client is an open system, continually changing in mutual process with the changing environment. Recipients of nursing actions may be well or ill and include individuals, families and communities.

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 3

first it looked standardised a speck, indeed like an insect on a lightbulb, then like a kite. Gillian watched, in any casef right handened to run, until it got stringent enough for her to realize what it re completely in completelyy was.It was an angel.Her fear drained away as she stared. The figure seemed to shine, as if it were do of the same light asthe spread over. It was tall, and had the shape of a perfectly formed human. It was walking, only somehowrushing toward her at the same time.An angel, Gillian thought, awed. An angelAnd then the mist cleared and the shining faded. The figure was standing on the grass in front of her.Gillian blinked.Uh-not an angel, after all. A young big cat. Maybe s til nowteen, a year sometime(a) than Gillian. And drop deadgorgeous.He had a face like some ancient Greek sculpture. Classically beautiful. Hair like unburnished gold. Eyesthat werent blue, but violet. Long golden lashes.And a terrific body.I shouldnt be noticing that Gillian th ought, horrified. But it was disenfranchised not to. now that his clothes hadstopped shining, she could see that they were ordinary, the kind either true cat from earth might wear. Washedand faded jeans and a white T-shirt. And he could easily have done a commercial for those jeans. Hewas well up built without beingness over-musdy.His only flaw, if it could be called that, was that his expression was a little too uplifted. Almost too sweetfor a boy.Gillian stared. The being looked back. After a moment he spoke.Hey, squirt, he say, and winked.Gillian was startled-and mad. Normally, she was shy about harangue to guys, but after all, she was deadnow, and this person had struck a raw nerve. Whore you calling kid? she said indignantly.He just grinned. Sorry. No offense.Confused, Gillian made herself nod politely. Who was this person? Shed always heard you had friendsor relatives come and go out you. But shed never seen this guy sooner in her life.Anyway, hes definitely not an angel.Ive come to help you, he said. As if hed heard her thought.Help me?You have a choice to make.That was when Gillian began to notice the door.It was right behind the guy, approximately where the mist had been. And it was a door but it wasnt.It was like the luminous outline of a door, drawn very faintly on fine air.Fear crept back into Gillians mind. Somehow, without necking how she knew, she knew the door wasimportant. More important than any function shed seen so uttermost. Whatever was behind it was-well, maybebeyond comprehension.A different place. Where all the laws she knew didnt apply.not necessarily bad. Just so powerful and so different that it was scary. Good can be scary, too.Thats the real gateway, she thought. Go through that door and you dont come back. And purge thoughpart of her longed desperately to see what was behind it, she was still so frightened that she felt dizzy.The thing is, it wasnt actually your time, the guy with the golden-blond hair said quietly .Oh, yes, I should have known. Thats the clich, Gillian thought. But she thought it weakly. Looking atthat door, she didnt have room left in font for cute remarks.She swallowed, blinking to clear her eyes.But here you are. A mistake, but one we have to deal with. In these cases, we usually leave the decisionup to the individual.Youre saying I can choose whether or not I die.To put it sort of loosely.Its just up to me?Thats right. He tilted his head slightly. You might want to animadvert your life over at this point.Gillian blinked. then(prenominal) she took a few steps away from him and stared across the supernaturally greengrass. She tried to think about her life.If youd asked me this morning if I wanted to stay alive, at that place would have been no question. But nowNow it felt a little like being rejected. As if she werent reliable enough. And besides, seeing that shedcome this far did she really want to go back?Its not as if I were anybody special there. not smart like Am y, a straight A student. Not brave. Nottalented.Well, what else is there? What would I be going back to?Her mom-drinking every day, asleep by the time Gillian got home. Her dad and the constant arguments.The loneliness she knew shed be cladding now that Amy had a boyfriend. The longing for things she couldnever have, like David Blackburn with his quizzical smile. Like popularity and love and acceptance. Likehaving people think she was interesting and-and mature.Come on. Theres got to be something good back there.Cup Noodles? the guys region said.Gillian turned toward him. Huh?You like those. Especially on a cold day when you come inside. Cats. The way babies smell. Cinnamontoast with scores of butter, like your mom used to make it when she still got up in the morning. Bad monstermovies.Gillian choked. Shed never told anyone about most of those things. How do you know all that?He smiled. He really had an extraordinary smile. Eh, we see a lot up here. then(prenominal) he sobered. Anddont you want to see more? Of life, I mean. Isnt there anything left for you to do?Everything was left for her to do. Shed never accomplished anything worthwhile.But I didnt have much time, a small wimpy voice inside her protested. To be quashed immediately by astern, steady voice. You think thats an excuse? Nobody knows how much time theyve got. You hadplenty of minutes, and you wasted most of them.Then dont you think youd split go back and try again? the guy said, hi a gentle, prodding voice. find oneselfif you can do a better job?Yes. tout ensemble at once, Gillian was filled with the same burning shed felt when she got out of the creek. Asense of revelation and of purpose. She could do that. She could change completely, turn her life in awhole new direction.Besides, there were her parents to consider. No matter how bad things were between them now, itcould only make it worse if their daughter suddenly died. Theyd blame each other. And Amy would personateone of her guilt c omplexes for not waiting to drive Gillian home from schoolThe thought brought a little grim satisfaction. Gillian tried to quell it. She had the feeling the guy waslistening.But she did have a new perspective on life. A sudden feeling that it was terribly precious, and that theworst thing you could do was waste it.She looked at the guy. I want to go back.He nodded. Gave the smile again. I thought maybe you would. His voice was so warm now. Therewas a quality in it that was like-what? Pure love? Infinite understanding?A tone that was to sound what perfect light was to vision.He held out a hand. Time to go, Gillian, he said gently. His eyes were the deepest violet imaginable.Gillian hesitated just an instant, then reached toward him.She never actually touched his hand, not in a physical way. Just as her fingers seemed about to meet his,she felt a tingling shock and there was a flash. Then he was gone and Gillian had several odd impressionsall at once.The first was of being unfixed. De tached from her surroundings. A falling feeling.The second was of something coming at her. It was coming very fast from some direction she couldnt point to. A place that wasnt specify by upor waste or left or right. And it felt huge and winged, the way a hawks shadow must feel to a mouse.Gillian had a wild impulse to duck.But it wasnt necessary. She was moving herself, falling away. Rushing backward through the tunnel,leaving the meadow-and whatever was coming at her-behind. The huge thing had only registered for aninstant on her senses, and now, whizzing back through the darkness, she forgot about it.Later, she would realize what a mistake this had been.For now, time seemed compressed. She was alone in the tunnel, being pulled down like water down adrain. She tried to look between her feet to see where she was going, and saw something like a deepwell beneath her.At the git of the well was a circle of light, like the view backwards through a telescope. And in thecircle, very tiny , was a girls body trickery on the snow.My body, Gillian thought-and then, before she had time to feel any emotion, the bottom of the well wasrushing up toward her. The tiny body was bigger and bigger. She felt a tugging pressure. She was beingsucked into it-too fast.Way too fast. She had no control. She fit perfectly in the body, like a hand slipping into a mitten, but thejolt knocked her out.Oooh something hurts.Gillian opened her eyes-or tried to. It was as hard as doing a chin-up. On the second or third attemptshe managed to get them open a crack. Whiteness everywhere. Dazzling. Blinding. Where ? Is itsnow? What am I doing lying down in the snow? Images came to her. The creek. Icy water. Climbingout. Falling. Being so coldAfter that she couldnt remember. But now she knew what hurt. Everything. I cant move.Her muscles were clenched tight as steel. But she knew she couldnt stay here. If she did, shedMemory burst through her. I died already.Strangely, the realization gave her stre ngth. She actually managed to sit up. As she did, she heard acracking sound. Her clothes were glassed with solid ice.Somehow she got to her feet. She shouldnt have been able to do it. Her body had been cold enough toshut down earlier, and since then shed been lying in the snow. By all the laws of nature, she should befrozen now.But she was standing. She could even shuffle a step forward.Only to realize she had no idea which way to go.She still didnt know where the route was.Worse, it would be getting dark soon. When thathappened, she wouldnt even be able to see herown tracks. She could walk in circles in the woods until her body gave out again.See that white oak tree? Go around it to the right.The voice was behind her left ear. Gillian turned that way as sharply as her rigid muscles would allow,even though she knew she wouldnt see anything.She recognized the voice. But it was so much warmer and gentler now.You came back with me.Sure. Once again the voice was filled with that imposs ible warmth, that perfect love. You dont thinkId just leave you to wander around until you froze again, do you? Now head for that tree, kid.After that came a long time of stumbling and staggering, over branches, around trees, on and on. Itseemed to remainder forever, but always there was the voice in Gillians ear, guiding her, encouraging her. Itkept her moving when she thought she couldnt possibly go another step.And then, at last, the voice said, Just up this ridge and youll find the road.In a dreamlike state, Gillian climbed the ridge.And there it was. The road. In the last light before darkness, Gillian could see it meandering down a hill.But it was still almost a mile to her house, and she couldnt go any farther.You dont have to, the voice said gently. Look up the road.Gillian saw headlights.Now just get in the middle of the road and wave.Gillian stumbled out and waved like a mechanical doll. The headlights were coming, blinding her. Thenshe realized that they were slowing.We did it, she gasped, dimly aware that she was speaking out loud. Theyre stoppingOf course theyre stopping. You did a great job. Youll be all right now.There was no mistaking the note of finality.The car was stopped now. The drivers side door was opening. Gillian could see a dark figure beyondthe glare of the headlights. But in that instant what she felt was distress.Wait, dont leave me. I dont even know who you are-For a brief moment, she was once again enfolded by love and understanding.Just call me Angel.Then the voice was gone, and all Gillian could feel was anguish.What are you doing out-Hey, are you authorize? The new voice broke through Gillians emptiness. Shehad been standing rigidly in the headlights now she blinked and tried to focus on the figure comingtoward her.God, of course youre not okay. Look at you. Youre Gillian, arent you? You live on my street.It was David Blackburn.The knowledge surged through her like a shock, and it drove all the strange hallucinations shed be enhaving out of her mind.It really was David, as close as hed ever been to her.Dark hair. A lean face that still had traces of a summer tan. Cheekbones to die for and eyes to drown in.A certain elegance of carriage. And that half-friendly, half-quizzical smileExcept that he wasnt smiling now. He looked shocked and worried.Gillian couldnt get a single word out. She just stared at him from under the icy shroud of her hair.What hap-No, never mind. Weve got to get you warm.At school he was thought of as a tough guy, an independent rebel. But, now, without any hesitation, thetough guy scooped her up in his arms.Confusion flashed through Gillian, then embarrassment-but underneath it all was something muchstronger. An odd bedrock sense of safety. David was warm and solid and she knew instinctively that shecould trust him. She could stop combat now and relax.Put this on watch your head here, use this for your hair. David was somehow getting everythingdone at once without hurrying. Capab le and kind. Gillian found herself inside the car, clad in hissheepskin jacket, with an old towel around her shoulders. Heat blasted from the vents as David gunnedthe engine.It was wonderful to be able to rest without being afraid it would cancel out her. Bliss not to be surrounded bycold, even if the hot air didnt seem to warm her. The worn beige interior of the Mustang seemed likeparadise.And David-well, no, he didnt look like an angel. More like a knight, especially the kind who went out indisguise and rescued people.Gillian was beginning to feel very fuzzy.I thought Id take a dip, she said, between chattering teeth. She was shivering again.What?You asked what happened. I was a little hot, so I jumped in the creek.He laughed out loud. Huh. Youre brave. Then he glanced at her sideways with keen eyes and added,What really happened?He thinks Im brave A glow better than the heated air enveloped Gillian.I slipped, she said. I went into the woods, and when I got to the creek- Suddenl y, she rememberedwhy shed gone into the woods. Shed forgotten it since the fall had put her own life in danger, but nowshe seemed to hear that faint, pathetic cry all over again.Oh, my God, she said, struggling to sit upright. Stop the car.

How Has Computer Hacking Interfered Modern Society Essay

How has figure automobile choping inferred modern society? In this transition I will be speaking briefly about the basicss of computing elevator car choping from the yesteryear to the present. Computer hacking has changed more than over magazine publisher ensuing in computing forge outgrowths to corporate scheme closures. This research makeup will be speaking about three major parts of computing forge hacking. The rootage construct of hacking is the beginning of creative activity. The following portion will be how hacking has affect on the modern society.Fin whollyy. the last piece of entropy will be traveling over the hereafter of system choping. What is a drudge you may inquire your ego but non hold an reply or one cry phrase for the term? A drudge has ever been a sort of cut come to or alteration. a modality to short-circuit or make over the standard operation of an object or system. The initial of all computing machine hackers emerge at MIT. They borrow their name from a term to depict members of a theoretical account train assort at the school who hack the electric trains. paths. and switches to do them meet faster and otherwise.A few of the members transfer their wonder and set uping accomplishments to the newly mainframe calculating systems be studied and developed on campus. Choping groups begin to organize. Among the first are Legion of Doom in the unite States. and Chaos Computer Club in Germany. The film War Games introduces the populace to choping. A computing machine hacker intends to destroy concerns executing an act much more unprincipled than an enthusiastic purport scientist hacking off at hold or theory. The truth is that computing machine hacking is in fact easy in the general sense. but more consideration must be given.Some facets of choping are used in mundane life and you may non cognize that accessing wireless cyberspace from another persons archives is considered wireless choping even though your adoption there co nnexion. During the 1970s. a contrasting sort of hacker appeared the phreaks or phone hackers. They learned ways to chop the telephonic system and do phone calls for free. Within these group of people. a phreaker became celebrated because a simple find. John Draper. besides cognize as Captain Crunch. order that he could do long distance calls with a whistling.He built a blue rap that could make this and the Esquire magazine published an article on how to construct them. Fascinated by this find. two childs. Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. distinguishable to sell these bluish boxes. get downing a concern friendly relationship which resulted in the insertion of Apple. By the 1980s. phreaks started to migrate to computing machines. and the first Bulletin Board Systems ( BBS ) appeared. BBS are deal the yokel groups of today. were people posted messages on any sort of subject.The BBS used by hackers specialised in tips on how to interrupt into computing machines. how to utilize stol en recognition card Numberss and portion stolen computing machine watchwords. It wasnt until 1986 that the U. S. authorities realized the danger that hackers represented to the national credential. As a manner to nark this threat. the Congress passed the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. doing computing machine interrupting a offense across the state. During the 1990s. when the exercise of the cyberspace became widespread around the universe. hackers multiplied. but it wasnt until the terminal of the decennary that systems gage became mainstream among the populace.Today. we are accustomed to hackers. crackers. viruses. Trojans. worms and all of the techniques we need to follow to battle them. Hackers were classified into three unusual types the first class is called In-house hacker. In-house hacker is an employee who is responsible for operating and keeping the system. who interacts instantly with the system as a computer programmer or randomnesss entry employee and is cognizant of all the system security capablenesss and spreads. He and should be the guard of the system but for different motives he hacks the system and gets what he needs bewraying all the trust given to him.The second type is called ace hacker who doesnt interact with the system but at the same clip proctors the system on day-to-day footing and has an oculus on what is traveling on and what type of informations is entered at what clip so depending on the entries he decides the minute he should acquire these information and recover them for person-to-person motives while the 3rd type is called professional hacker and this hacker is really strong and capable of getting any type of informations. he has the ability of carrying the user or the operator to supply him with the needed information by programming fast ones or user friendly screens and this sort of hackers frequently gets alone provision specially when being used in military undertakings as what happened in the cold war.Thesiss are precisely brief ways hackers squander impacted the modern universe we all live in. Within the departed twelvemonth at that place have been two major instances right in the country. Both strike extended slander. and both are presently in tribunal. The closest instance is that of Thomas Crandall. otherwise known as St. Elmos Fire. Crandall is accused of estroying attending and subject records in a computing machine at Central Technical and Vocational Center. Police charge that Crandall used a personal computing machine at his place to entree the computing machine. He is besides accused of making $ 25. 000 in harm to files at Waste Management Inc. of Oakbrook. Ill. Crandalls lawyer claims that many other pupils besides had entree to the computing machine. and that to individual out Crandall in unjust. Hackers are responsible of the immense development in computing machine and cyberspace engineering. but these yearss we consider them as stealers and interlopers who penetrated our a in privateness and used the accomplishments they were buttockss for their ain benefit.Hackers have different sentiments and motives. However. they all portion the spirit of challenge and ever seeking to turn out their capablenesss of making what all believe is impossible possibly because they were mistreated. or uncertainties surrounded their abilities and past accomplishments. Hackers believe that information should be shared and they fight against information owning. Effectss that choping caused and still doing to the society cant be ignored. Hacking nowadays is taking new stages and the danger is increasing because we are now populating in a society that runs by ICT. and any flack to the ICT particularly in advanced states will do critical effects.ICT still lacks a powerful security tools that are capable of tracking. catching hackers. and protecting computing machine systems from their onslaughts. My ain position is that the best manner to protect ICT from hackers is to analyz e their psychological science and seek to understand their manner of thought. because hackers are human existences. who have two sides evil and good. and they used to demo their good side but all of a jerky they turned to be evil. The grounds which caused the transmutation from good to evil persons should be studied and given the highest antecedency in the war against hackers because since we put our custodies on the cause. we can repair it to make for better effects.Peoples can grocery store store. earn grades. receive bank statements and pay measures from their laptop or Personal computer. The possibilities are endless when it comes to simplifying life with the aid of the World Wide Web. but at the same clip possibilities are eternal hackers to cling your life with cyber offenses. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a hacker as both an expert at programming and work outing jobs with a computer and a individual who illicitly additions entree to and sometimes tamping bars wi th information in a computing machine system. Those three grounds I have stated supra were the hackings past present and future. Until engineering Michigans turning the possibility of hackers is limited less.

Royal Mail Group

The crisis created for the Labor Government by the proposed deal and part privatization of the adventure office- magnificent weapons insertion Recently, Royal air Group depart be sold at least 1/3 of the whole business to private companies or extraneous postal companies in the United Kingdom. One of 71 post centres, half of them will be cut down, and 50,000 employees will possible lose their jobs. One hand, this evidence will demonstrate the crisis issue from universe on the other hand, how the issues deem been handled by the Government and examine these strategies and tactics.Main body Royal ring mail Group is unitary of the large-scale national enterprises in the United Kingdom, employees as many as 150,000 people. It is reported by British media, with the global financial crisis deepening Royal armor Group of dismal business is facing a bad situation, which will be split sale possiblely, and the United Kingdom Ministry of Commerce and Postal Department are discussing a plan on postal privatization. Beginning in 1635, Royal Mails operation has been the oldest postal system in the world.Currently, Royal Mail maintains the monopoly on postal returns of the civilian use, but it is squeezed and rarely shares in the field of business by foreign mail delivery companies. In the civilian use areas, the number of mail delivery rule out course after year. Both of Royal Mails huge indemnity deficit and the increasing e-mails blotto the service will never be profitable in this current form. Dutch firm TNT, one of the mojor rivals with Royal Mail in the British postal market, TNT is thought to be the front first to achieve the stake, which dexterity be between 25% and 30%.Part-privatisation of Royal Mail is opposed by unions and many Labour MPs, who think that it will undermine the universal delivery service and threaten thousands of jobs, and press the brass to rethink this plan. The Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats support part-privatisation as a way of helping to modernise the service in principle. But at the same time, they are worried about Royal Mails profitability and authorities support for its aid scheme in the future. In brief, at present, the government has faced the following issuesAt first, lots of MPs disagree this plan, the BBC freshlys says about 140 Labor MPs have sign a motion opposing the part-privatization One of the rebels, Geraldine Smith, give tongue to Royal Mails status as one of the UKs almost respected public organizations must be safeguarded. Part-privatization is non the answer. Secondly, some of people worry the pension scheme the postal worker Sean Tail said Potentially to get the same pension, I might even have to work past 65. Thirdly, Communication Worker Unions put forward to have a big redundancy after part-privatization.Thereby, numbers of workers will lose their jobs. Faced above problems, the government adapts some strategies and tactics to solve these issues. The first one is the press release, which is a key conversations wight in a crisis situation. It will tell the public their thought via the media (such as a backgrounder or occurrence sheet). It provides officials explanation of what is happening. They must have an honest answer Respond the media quickly and fairly. News releases should keep the government correct reputation and identity throughout the crisis period.Add any other available information, such as endorsements and story from respected professionals who tell the public commercial partnership go in the market and strengthen Royal Mail financially, meanwhile, it will have a fair competition with Royal Mail, and enable it to offer new services. It fuel help government obtain the support to sell off 30% of Royal Mail. In the same way, the internet has been used by activists as a highly effective global appliance for gathering opinion from public, at the same time, publish the governments plan,which selling off 30% of Royal Mail is the only way to safeguard the service.Everybody wants to see a modern Royal Mail. Keeping Royal Mail in the public sector, but without some private investment would be related long-term decline and even full privatization by a future government. The Labor Party releases Royal Mail would continue to belong to the English people, its most respected image never changes. The government websites or online news can provide a fast and effective means of communicating directly to government without the risk of rendition by the media.Aiming a lot of the workers of the Royal Mail would not think of the politics, but about their pension and their job security. So, the next strategy and tactics about government, in the keynote speech, the prime minister said it is necessary that Royal Mail can achieve an investment, which guarantees a ? 25bn pension fund, spends ? 1. 5bn on the Post parting network, and maintains a universal service obligation. The received cash will be offset the cost of wi nning over Royal Mail pension liabilities.Money through part-privatization is ploughed back into post offices and the unemployed will gain the postal job before long, perhaps they will earn more money than before. Sometimes, they should not be sacked if they are all perfect, so they have a competition each other, and a hardworking labor. Conclusion Because a crisis catches unprepared people, every organization must have appropriate crisis communication strategies and tactics to firmly guide those organizations that pass the bad and difficult situation.In this case study, the national English post office- Royal Mail has faced a problem from among the Labor Government, the MPs and the other public. The government must solve this problem correctly and betimes by the suitable strategies and tactics, especially dispose the relationships among them while tutelage its good reputation and great image in the public. Like this, it will has a lot of public to support its decision.Reference (2 009), Sell-off to save postal service . Available from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7911526. tm Accessed March 16, 2009. (2009), Royal Mail plans to be unveiled . Available from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7906418. stm Accessed March 22, 2009. (2009), Labour postal confusion growing . Available from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7827497. stm Accessed March 22, 2009. (2009), PM Royal Mail necessitate private cash . Available from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7916478. stm Accessed March 20, 2009. Regester, M. & Larkin, J. (2005), Risk Issues and Crisis Management, 3rd ed, CIPR, London.

Computerization of Public Sector Essay

IntroductionIn the midst of the Global Financial Crisis we found the Mediterranean nations, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, being troubled by serious fiscal issues, great shortage on their balance sheets, characterized by low competitiveness and enormous mankind debt. Over the last year of the GFC the policies that had been followed for those countries are principally center around the creation of fiscal surpass by using horizontal and cross cutting methods. The results of those tactical manoeuvre after almost 4 years of austerity measures are far from favor suitable. One reason for that is that the IMF and EU were unable to look deep into the problem. Their primary target was to found a swift and superficial solution, mainly because of the pressure from the markets and political figures. On this explore we will focus our interest deeper into the problem and attempt attain the core of it. One very important aspect of the crisis that the mentioned organizations amaze not take n into account is the power of the humans domain on the problematic countries. If the public sector misss on cleverness then the results would be phenomenon like corruption, unorganized departments, tax evasion and absence of communication between agencies. One great operator that determines the efficiency of a state is the computerization of its public sector. And that is what our explore will be focused on. main(prenominal) books used on the exploreTo reach the needed results we wealthy person to find the proper literature, we have to use that as a base for our research and to help us on extracting our conclusions. We need to die the structure of the Public Sector Management on those countries and to learn how important the role of computerization is on an efficient government. That is exactly what (Dunleavy, 2006) tried to show us. How vital computerization is for the public administrator and its role on key factors like taxation, decentralization, bureaucracy and publ ic corruption. Another aspect we have to use on our literature research is the quality on public sector.What is its relation with a computerized state how is affected by that. superior is an important element of a successful computerization process, their bonds are strong, quality is considered fundamental for a public sector to be abide by to a greater extent efficient and to increase its performance (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 1995). Performance is another important factor that has a crucial role on a healthy public sector. It helps to increase its effectiveness, that leads to a much transparent and innovative system (Bruijn, 2006). After we successfully incorporate those components into the public governing body we would be able to observe the impact of computerization on the economic stability of a coun taste (Snellen et al., 1989). Advantages of a computerized public sectorIf we look into the literature we will see that the Mediterranean states that are deadlocked, actually apa rt from their deficit they have one more common thing, their corruption ratings (Transparency international, 2011 OECD, 2011). Therefore we observe a great proportionality of tax evasion, and restrict bureaucracy (World Bank, 2012) and low competitiveness against other states (Klaus Schwab, 2012). The advantage of a computerized public sector, apart from the efficiency (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 1995), is the addition on effectiveness too (Willcocks and Harrow, 1992). Moreover we survey a great advance on transparency (OECD, 2011) and on accessibility of the services as well as on productivity (Hayes, 1977).All the previews factors are on a sequence, first of all the immediate reaction of a computerized sector is to improve its quality (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 1995), that is conceivable through an adaption of impudently public management standards (Hood, 1998), next step is the advantage of performance (Margetts, 1999)(Dunleavy, 2006). Moreover after we succeed on adapting quality and performance into the public sector, the effectiveness (GAO,1991) and the efficiency occurs (Willcocks and Harrow, 1992). As a result an economic stability will commence (HMSO, 1983)(Klein, 1988). All the above have shown that will result on a better tax administrator (Snellen et al., 1989)(Naur, 1974) and have as an take the better taxation (Margetts, 1999). Still the most important thing that gets neutralized is the political interception (Herring, 1967).ArgumentsThe main arguments almost computerization of the public sector directs from the employees. A factor is the poverty of knowledge about the use of new technologies and their lack of interest on learning them. Another important factor is the political and union interests (Transparency international, 2011). On the above mentioned countries, unions and political parties have a client relationship. This suggests a major concern for an improvement travail of public sectors administration.Managers lack the will to adapt inn ovative ideas into their departments. And the corrupted bureaucratic states roots are so deep that ought great effort to overcome those obstacles. (Jorma, 1988). Other arguments come from the cost of a computerization update (Dunleavy, 2006). Furthermore, arguments about the part that computerization had on the instability of the Mediterranean States are expressed from organizations like IMF, on their monthly reports they do not take into account the identity operator and the complexity of the public sector on those countries (IMF, 2012).MethodologyFor the research to be conducted we have to use a combination of quantitative, by using the N data sets and qualitative methods by the use of enquiries. Because of the nature of the research some factors cannot be properly valued by quantitative methods (Weber et al., 1946) And some information are results from qualitative research (Ragin and Amoroso, 2011)(Ragin, 1987). Also we have to take into account the external factors that affect the computerization process. Thus the research will not be immune to external elements.ConclusionTo conclude we have reached a top dog on introducing austerity measures on the Mediterranean Countries, where we should be very careful of our actions. Especially when the EU is on a dense position because of political rivalries, unwillingness and antagonism amongst union states. And portray a lack of focus to the core of the issue. If we do not act more carefully and if we do not try to find the right questions for the problem the situation will become irreversible.The question should not be how to spare the deficit, instead should be how those problematic countries can improve their public sector? And more specifically at what extend the computerization of public sector in Mediterranean Nations affect their economic stability? It should be appropriate to close with a quote from Simon H. A is the resistance it evokes from those who refuse to see in it anything more than an enlarged de sk calculator. Not since the Darwinian controversy of the past century we have seen such a concupiscent defense of the uniqueness of man sic against claims of kinship by systems that dont belong to his species. (Simon H.A, 1973 503)ReferencesBRUIJN, J. A. D. 2006. Managing performance in the public sector, New York, NY, Routledge. DUNLEAVY, P. 2006. Digital era governance IT corporations, the state, and E-government, Oxford, Oxford University Press. GAO. 1991a. SSA Computers Long Rans Vision Needed to Guide proximo systems modernization efforts, GAO/IMTEC P1- 44, Washington DC. HAYES, F. O. R. 1977. Productivity in local government, Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books. HERRING, P. 1967. Public administration and the public interest, New York,, Russell & Russell. HMSO. 1983a. efficacy and Effectiveness in theCivil Service, HMSO, London HOOD, C. 1998. The art of the state culture, rhetoric, and public management, Oxford New York, Clarendon Press. IMF. DECEMBER 2011. IMF demesne cut across No. 11/351, Greece Fifth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Rephasing and Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria Press rid on the Executive Board Discussion and Statement by the Executive Director for Greece., Washington, D.C. IMF. JULY 2012. IMF Country authorship No. 12/168, Italy Selected Issues, Washington, D.C. IMF. JUNE 2012. IMF Country Report No. 12/137, Spain Financial Stability Assessment, Washington, D.C. KLAUS SCHWAB. 2012. WEF Global fighting 2012-2013, Geneva, World Economic Forum. KLEIN, R & CARTER, N. 1988. Performance Measurement a review of concepts and issues. Discussion Paper No 18, Public Finance Foundation KUOPUS, JORMA. 1988. Hallinnon lainalaisuus ja automatisoitu verohalliuto, Jyuaskyla, Finnish Lawyers Publishing Company MARGETTS, H. 1999. Information technology in government Britain and America, London New York, Routledge. NAUR, P. 1974. Concise survey of computer methods, New York, Petrocelli Books. OECD. 2011. O ECD Working on Bribery, Annual Report 2011POLLITT, C. & BOUCKAERT, G. 1995. Quality improvement in European public services concepts, cases and commentary, London Thousand Oaks, Calif., Sage. RAGIN, C. C. & AMOROSO, L. M. 2011. Constructing social research the unity and diversity of method, Los Angeles, SAGE Publications. RAGIN, C. C. 1987. The comparative method moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies, Berkeley, University of calcium Press. SIMON H,A . 1973. Applying Information technology to organization Design, Public Administration Review, 33 268-78 SNELLEN, I. T. M., DONK, W. B. H. J. V. D. & BAQUIAST, J.-P. 1989. Expert systems in public administration evolving practices and norms, Amsterdam New York, Elsevier Science Publishers. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL. 2011. Corruption Perception Index 2011 WEBER, M., GERTH, H. H. & MILLS, C. W. 1946. From Max Weber Essays in sociology, New York,, Oxford university press. WILLCOCKS, L. & HARROW, J. 1992. Rediscovering public services management, London, McGraw-Hill. WORLD BANK. 2008. WORLD BANK Doing Business 2012, http//www.doingbusiness.org/rankings, last checked 29/10/2012

Was Mary Bloody or Misunderstood Essay

bloody shame became Queen of England in 1553, after she executed Lady Jane Grey. antecedent A, in the textbook, says that There were bonfires and tables in every street and wine and beer and ale, this is an account from the diary of a Londoner at the time bloody shame became Queen, and so it is quite an reliable. bloody shame mistook this solemnisation to mean that the mickle of England were glad they had a Catholic Queen on the throne. So she set close trying to turn the ground into a Catholic country. This did not settle well with the public and caused umpteen Protestants to take an immedi take in disliking towards her. As bloody shame complete this she took to giving the death penalty to as umpteen heretics as she could. seed A, on the sheet, say that Women at their marketing, men at their daily trade every finally(predicate) learned to know the sweet smell of burning flesh. This was written by a historian in 1940 so it is not very reliable, that it does show that a lot of burnings took place.Source D, on the sheet, is written by D. Loades, a historian, in 1991 said that Mary personally bears the responsibility for the death of nearly three hundred heretics, precisely she also executed traitors more than ruthlessly than either her father or her sisterA famous writer at the time, legerdemain Foxe, wrote some Mary I. He said that neither man, char or child was spared from the cruel burnings at Marys hand. A section of his writing, including this information, is quoted in Source B it was written in 1559, a year after Marys death, so it is more reliable than other get-gos. However even though it was written around Marys time, John Foxe was a Protestant so the information could be bias.Source E, on the sheet, written by a historian in 1990, says The Bishop of Winchester had urged Mary to burn the heretics, but it was Mary who insisted on continuing even when it was distinct the cruel punishments were leading people to support the Protestants rather than turn to the Catholic religion. If people werent listen and actually going against her, the Queen, then(prenominal) it would probably feature annoyed her even more because she wouldnt energize had the control over the country she wanted. Therefore she might have increased the executions. Source F says that when Mary died All the churches in London rang their bells and that night bonfires were lit and tables placed in the street and people ate drank andmade merry. This was written by a Londoner at the time Mary died so it is a reliable source, thus far he might have been Protestant which could have made the account bias. Many people mind Mary deserved the name Bloody Mary but there was also people who thought she was yet misunderstood.Source A is Mary speaking to her council in 1555, so it is very reliable, when she began the public executions Concerning punishments of heretics, we hypothesise I ought to be done without rashness. The people must see that any conde mned are treated fairly, so that they understand the truth. I think she was saying that when they want to arrest somebody, or execute them, they should make convinced(predicate) they have the right facts and make sure it is the right person. This might make people think that she is beingness fair about who she arrests and why.When Mary married Philip of Spain, who was Catholic, England helped Spain in the war against France. The result of the war was the loss of the last place England owned on France-Calais. Now, historians agree that it was probably unavoidable, so that shows us that it was not Marys fault. This is a good example of how she was misunderstood because she was only trying to help her husbands country. Source D is about this and was written in 1994 so the time is not near, however by then people will have had more information about the events following the situation. So it is quite a utile source. At the time of Marys death a poem was written about herHer perfect li fe in all extremesHer patient heart did showFor in this world she neer foundBut doleful days and woeThe poem is saying that Mary tried to be kind and patient but she was only repaid with unhappy days full of sorrow. It was written by an anon. poet so it could be bias but it is written when she died so it is quite a useful source but not completely trustworthy. Source C points out that Mary benefited the country greatly by reforming the tax system, the Army and the Navy. This shows that Mary cared about the country and its welfare/condition so she wasnt a horrible person to her people.Source E says Lady Jane Grey and her husband were sentenced to death but Mary saved them and they were only executed after they were thought to be involved in Wyatts rebellion against Mary. This source was written in 1964 by a historian so it is not useful for the time it was written but useful becausethe historian would have had all the facts, however the person could have been bias. The source shows that Mary was a kind person and she wanted to help a friend who was in trouble. Source B says that it wasnt only Mary that get the better ofed people, in Essex between 17 and 24 people were hanged each year for common theft. This was written by a historian in 1976 so it is quite a reliable source however the historian could be bias on the subject of Mary and whether she was bloody or misunderstood. Looking at equal evidence for both sides of the argument, I think that Mary is bloody. I think this because she has killed so, so many people just because they had a unlike opinion to her some(prenominal) person can take a dislike to somebody if they have a completely different view to them.However it takes a horrible person to go so far as to kill nearly 300 people just to try and get everybody to agree with you. Even when she knew it wasnt working, and she was just turning people against her, she carried on. She does have some good points for instance reforming the tax system, the Ar my and the Navy however she should be doing things like that because she was the queen and she had to have responsibilities. But taking it so far was just evil. When she realised that she was just turning people away from Catholicism and towards Protestantism she should have held back and tried to turn the country toward Catholicism in a different and less murderous way. Overall I think that Mary I deserves the name Bloody Mary and that she was a terrible queen.

Nature and Nurture on the human development Essay

temperament and Nurture on the human development debut In the history of human beings, there engage existed a lot of theories discussing how enkindle or disposition influences the development of humans. Not only did this debate happen in the past, but also even right a representation many individuals and nations atomic number 18 debating on this issue to decide which factor impacts more to the humans. To put it in the laypersons language, nature is the natural processes which ar mostly inherited and therefore cannot be changed. Nurture is the processes that are caused by the environment and these characteristics could be changed by the outer surrounding. So in this paper I go away present the argument on the nurture impact on human behaviors. The factors that affect the spates perception and change their behaviors include their own perception, the peoples perception about them, the societal or cultural believes and even what they view the surrounding. For instance the clot hs have been seen to influence behaviors of people. For instance, a person exhausting a doctors white coat has been proofed to be more attentive than when wearing a painters coat. harmonize to the experimental social psychology journal, there is a finding that shows that people think not only with their mastermind but also their bodies. According to Dr. Galinsky, our thinking processes are found on the physical experiences that are seen to set off the associated abstract concepts and these experiences also include the cloths that peoples wear. It has been known for yearn now that people are perceived by others by the way that they dress. A person dressing in some manners can be perceived to be what a direct opposite of what they exactly are is. Many experiments that have been previously carried shows that ladies who dress in virile cloths at the time of interview are more likely to be absorbed and also a person who wears the official cloths are mostly seen as more intelligent i n a statement assistant job and they are most likely to be hired than a person who dresses casually. too the way people perceive themselves is another nurture factor that affects mostly the peoples behavior. According to an article on why men dont last self destruction as a way of life, it is revealed that men commit more suicide than women. This could be explained by the way men have trained themselves and the way they feel that they are capable of handling their own problems without desire any help from outside. This is owing to the fact that people who are more open to discuss their problems are mostly likely able to evade the suicide trap. It hasbeen proofed that women are more open in discussing their problems and hence their suicidal cases are very minimal. workforce always conceal their problems and this leads to them committing suicide. In the face of changing circumstances, men feel helpless and trapped but a woman takes risk of discussing the circumstance and hence th ey are novelty seekers and great risk takers. This is a behavior that is passed to all generations and hence changes the peoples perception. In the article, HERS Why Boys Dont Play With Dolls, by Pollitt Nkatha, it is evident that for many years boys have been seen to incline on the trucks and guns but on the other hand girls mostly incline on wearing party dresses and holding Dolls. This could be explained through inborn hormonal influences along with the genetic configuration and the brain chemistry. Even though these factors hold, the surroundings shape the perception of these children to act in this trend for a long period of time. The behaviors which are perceived to be girlish are passed from generation to generation and this becomes a role that is artificially inherited through nurture. To conclude, nurture and nature both have great impact on the development of humans. The nature will decide the depositions of human being which can be changed by nurture. disposition will g ive the in born abilities but nurture will help to develop them. Nature gives the inborn attributes but nurture changes these innate attributes accordingly and this result to people having different lives hence nurture is the one that highly impacts on the behaviors of human beings and their development.ReferencesKATHA POLLITT. HERSWhy Boys Dont Play With Dolls, October 8, 1995Why Men Dont Last Self-Destruction as a Way of Life, February 17, 1999SANDRA BLAKESLEE. Mind Games sometimes a White Coat Isnt Just a White Coat, April 2, 2012Source account